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Review article: Update on current and emergent data on hepatopulmonary syndrome.

ΤίτλοςReview article: Update on current and emergent data on hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2018
AuthorsSoulaidopoulos, S., Cholongitas E., Giannakoulas G., Vlachou M., & Goulis I.
JournalWorld J Gastroenterol
Volume24
Issue12
Pagination1285-1298
Date Published2018 Mar 28
ISSN2219-2840
Λέξεις κλειδιάAsymptomatic Diseases, Dilatation, Pathologic, Echocardiography, End Stage Liver Disease, Hepatopulmonary Syndrome, Humans, Hypoxia, Liver Transplantation, Lung, Myocardium, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Nitric Oxide, Prevalence, Severity of Illness Index
Abstract

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a frequent pulmonary complication of end-stage liver disease, characterized by impaired arterial oxygenation induced by intrapulmonary vascular dilatation. Its prevalence ranges from 4% to 47% in patients with cirrhosis due to the different diagnostic criteria applied among different studies. Nitric oxide overproduction and angiogenesis seem to be the hallmarks of a complicated pathogenetic mechanism, leading to intrapulmonary shunting and ventilation-perfusion mismatch. A classification of HPS according to the severity of hypoxemia has been suggested. Contrast-enhanced echocardiography represents the gold standard method for the detection of intrapulmonary vascular dilatations which is required, in combination with an elevated alveolar arterial gradient to set the diagnosis. The only effective treatment which can modify the syndrome's natural history is liver transplantation. Although it is usually asymptomatic, HPS imparts a high risk of pretransplantation mortality, independently of the severity of liver disease, while there is variable data concerning survival rates after liver transplantation. The potential of myocardial involvement in the setting of HPS has also gained increasing interest in recent research. The aim of this review is to critically approach the existing literature of HPS and emphasize unclear points that remain to be unraveled by future research.

DOI10.3748/wjg.v24.i12.1285
Alternate JournalWorld J. Gastroenterol.
PubMed ID29599604
PubMed Central IDPMC5871824

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