Feeding problems may give rise to a number of adverse effects with organic, psychological, developmental and social impact. Specific medical conditions, especially diseases of the gastrointestinal system, are known to be associated with feeding problems. We searched databases, including MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library, for papers published in English from 1990 to March 2018. Keywords included "gastrointestinal diseases", "gastroesophageal reflux disease", "eosinophilic esophagitis", "food allergy", "children", "infants", and "feeding problems". We concluded that children with diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially those with gastroesophageal reflux disease and eosinophilic esophagitis, are more likely to develop feeding problems. However, further epidemiological studies are needed to determine the prevalence and the specific characteristics of feeding problems in children with certain upper gastrointestinal diseases, as well as the exact causal relationship between them.