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Early life stress and trauma: developmental neuroendocrine aspects of prolonged stress system dysregulation.

ΤίτλοςEarly life stress and trauma: developmental neuroendocrine aspects of prolonged stress system dysregulation.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2018
AuthorsAgorastos, A., Pervanidou P., Chrousos G. P., & Kolaitis G.
JournalHormones (Athens)
Volume17
Issue4
Pagination507-520
Date Published2018 Dec
ISSN2520-8721
Λέξεις κλειδιάAutonomic Nervous System Diseases, Endocrine System Diseases, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Psychological Trauma, Stress, Psychological
Abstract

Experience of early life stress (ELS) and trauma is highly prevalent in the general population and has a high public health impact, as it can trigger a health-related risk cascade and lead to impaired homeostatic balance and elevated cacostatic load even decades later. The prolonged neuropsychobiological impact of ELS can, thus, be conceptualized as a common developmental risk factor for disease associated with increased physical and mental morbidity in later life. ELS during critical periods of brain development with elevated neuroplasticity could exert a programming effect on particular neuronal networks related to the stress response and lead to enduring neuroendocrine alterations, i.e., hyper- or hypoactivation of the stress system, associated with adult hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and glucocorticoid signaling dysregulation. This paper reviews the pathophysiology of the human stress response and provides evidence from human research on the most acknowledged stress axis-related neuroendocrine pathways exerting the enduring adverse effects of ELS and mediating the cumulative long-term risk of disease vulnerability in adulthood.

DOI10.1007/s42000-018-0065-x
Alternate JournalHormones (Athens)
PubMed ID30280316

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