INTRODUCTION: Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of mortality due to gynecological tumors. Estrogen receptors (ERs) seem to participate in tumor progression even in the absence of estrogens. Twenty years after the cloning of the second estrogen receptor, a wide spectrum of studies have shown its implication in both physiologic and pathologic pathways. ERβ, being the predominant type of ER in normal ovary tissue, has not only been linked with pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, but also with response to treatment. Unlike ERα, which is primarily linked with cell growth, ERβ presence is prominent in signaling pathways, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis.METHODS: Literature review of relevant published material (from PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases) was conducted.RESULTS: Polymorphisms in the respective ESR2 gene, epigenetic modifications and isoforms of the receptor have been extensively studied to assess potential correlations with responsiveness to treatment and tumor behavior. Studies on the exact roles of ERβ and its genetic variations in altering effectiveness and toxicity of ovarian cancer treatment regimens are lacking.CONCLUSION: Clinical utilization of ERβ actions in the management of ovarian cancer is discussed in an up-to-date review.