Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease which commonly requires treatment with biologic agents targeting various inflammatory pathways. Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine which plays a pivotal role not only in the pathogenesis of RA but also in other autoimmune diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis. The co-existence of more than one autoimmune disorder in the same individual is very challenging in the daily practice as therapy strategies applicable to one disease setting may cause clinical and/or biochemical relapse of the other clinical entity. As a result, treatment options able to control different diseases are highly desirable among rheumatologists and other specialties. In that respect, we present a case of a 61-year-old female patient with RA and concomitant primary biliary cirrhosis with poor clinical response to conventional disease-modifying drugs for RA. The introduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonist infliximab led to significant clinical improvement of RA and to stabilization of liver function. In this case review study, we discuss aspects of pathophysiology of primary biliary cirrhosis associated with tumor necrosis alpha and we review the available data of similar published cases.