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The Polygenic Nature and Complex Genetic Architecture of Specific Learning Disorder.

ΤίτλοςThe Polygenic Nature and Complex Genetic Architecture of Specific Learning Disorder.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2021
AuthorsGeorgitsi, M., Dermitzakis I., Soumelidou E., & Bonti E.
JournalBrain Sci
Volume11
Issue5
Date Published2021 May 14
ISSN2076-3425
Abstract

Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a multifactorial, neurodevelopmental disorder which may involve persistent difficulties in reading (dyslexia), written expression and/or mathematics. Dyslexia is characterized by difficulties with speed and accuracy of word reading, deficient decoding abilities, and poor spelling. Several studies from different, but complementary, scientific disciplines have investigated possible causal/risk factors for SLD. Biological, neurological, hereditary, cognitive, linguistic-phonological, developmental and environmental factors have been incriminated. Despite worldwide agreement that SLD is highly heritable, its exact biological basis remains elusive. We herein present: (a) an update of studies that have shaped our current knowledge on the disorder's genetic architecture; (b) a discussion on whether this genetic architecture is 'unique' to SLD or, alternatively, whether there is an underlying common genetic background with other neurodevelopmental disorders; and, (c) a brief discussion on whether we are at a position of generating meaningful correlations between genetic findings and anatomical data from neuroimaging studies or specific molecular/cellular pathways. We conclude with open research questions that could drive future research directions.

DOI10.3390/brainsci11050631
Alternate JournalBrain Sci
PubMed ID34068951
PubMed Central IDPMC8156942

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