Synergistic Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning and Antithrombin in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.
Τίτλος | Synergistic Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning and Antithrombin in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Authors | Vrakas, G., Tsalis K., Roidos G. Nikolaos, Christoforidis E., Kouzi-Koliakou K., Lazaridis C., & Vaidya A. |
Journal | Exp Clin Transplant |
Volume | 15 |
Issue | 3 |
Pagination | 320-328 |
Date Published | 2017 Jun |
ISSN | 2146-8427 |
Λέξεις κλειδιά | Animals, Antithrombins, Biomarkers, Combined Modality Therapy, Cytokines, Disease Models, Animal, Hepatitis, Intestinal Diseases, Ischemic Preconditioning, Liver, Malondialdehyde, Mesenteric Artery, Superior, Neutrophil Infiltration, Peroxidase, Rats, Wistar, Reperfusion Injury, Splanchnic Circulation, Time Factors |
Abstract | OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to determine whether antithrombin plays a synergistic role in accentuating the effects of intestinal ischemic preconditioning.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups (10 rats/group) as follows: sham treatment (group 1); ischemia-reperfusion (group 2); ischemic preconditioning followed by ischemia-reperfusion (group 3); antithrombin + ischemia-reperfusion, similar to group 2 but including antithrombin administration (group 4); and antithrombin + ischemic preconditioning, similar to group 3 but including antithrombin administration (group 5). Blood samples and liver specimens were obtained for measurement of cytokines, myeloperoxidase, and malondialdehyde. Liver biopsies were examined by electron microscopy.RESULTS: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion induced a remote hepatic inflammatory response as evidenced by the striking increase of proinflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase, and malondialdehyde. Tumor necrosis factor-α levels in group 5 (12.48 ± 0.7 pg/mL) were significantly lower than in group 3 (13.64 ± 0.78 pg/mL; P = .014). Mean interleukin 1β was lower in group 5 (9.52 ± 0.67pg/mL) than in group 3 (11.05 ± 1.9 pg/mL; P > .99). Mean interleukin 6 was also significantly lower in group 5 (17.13 ± 0.54 pg/mL) than in group 3 (23.82 ± 1 pg/mL; P ≤ .001). Myeloperoxidase levels were significantly higher in group 3 (20.52 ± 2.26 U/g) than in group 5 (18.59 ± 1.03 U/g; P = .025). However, malondialdehyde levels did not significantly improve in group 5 (4.55 ± 0.46 μmol) versus group 3 (5.17 ± 0.61 μmol; P = .286). Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, and myeloperoxidase findings show that antithrombin administration further attenuated the inflammatory response caused by ischemia-reperfusion, suggesting a synergistic effect with ischemic preconditioning. These findings were confirmed by electron microscopy.CONCLUSIONS: The addition of antithrombin to ischemic preconditioning may act to attenuate or prevent damage from ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the release of cytokines and neutrophil infiltration. |
DOI | 10.6002/ect.2015.0331 |
Alternate Journal | Exp Clin Transplant |
PubMed ID | 28418287 |