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A morphometric study of the atlas occipitalization and coexisted congenital anomalies of the vertebrae and posterior cranial fossa with neurological importance.

TitleA morphometric study of the atlas occipitalization and coexisted congenital anomalies of the vertebrae and posterior cranial fossa with neurological importance.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2017
AuthorsNatsis, K., Lyrtzis C., Totlis T., Anastasopoulos N., & Piagkou M.
JournalSurg Radiol Anat
Volume39
Issue1
Pagination39-49
Date Published2017 Jan
ISSN1279-8517
KeywordsAdult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Atlanto-Occipital Joint, Cervical Atlas, Cervical Vertebrae, Cranial Fossa, Posterior, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurosurgical Procedures, Skull, Young Adult
Abstract

PURPOSE: Our study highlights the morphometry of the partial and complete atlas occipitalization (AOZ), its coexistence with fusions of the 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae and morphological and morphometric abnormalities of the posterior cranial fossa that are of paramount neurological importance.
METHODS: One hundred and eighty adult dry skulls, the atlas and axis vertebrae were examined.
RESULTS: Four skulls (2.2 %) showed AOZ. Two of them (1.1 %) presented a partial AOZ, one male skull (0.6 %) a complete AOZ and a female skull (0.6 %) had a fused left hemiatlas with the occipital bone and a fusion of the 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae. The inner anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum (FM) in the control group were 34.6 ± 3.46 and 29.3 ± 3.47 mm. Only the skull with the complete AOZ had a reduced outer anteroposterior diameter of the FM (29.8 mm), while no specimen was found with a reduced transverse diameter. A wide total decrease (range 13.1-50.9 %) in the surface area of the FM in skulls with AOZ was detected. Extracranial, the clivus length in two skulls with AOZ was smaller than the normal range. No skull was detected with a reduction in the intracranial length of the clivus. All skulls with the AOZ had a vermian fossa.
CONCLUSIONS: The study adds important morphometric details about the partial and complete AOZ and correlates the phenomenon of synostosis with the narrowing of the FM, particularly in the case of complete AOZ. Awareness of the AOZ and other fusions of the upper cervical vertebrae and their topographical relations and attendant problems are of paramount importance to surgeons, when operate to the craniocervical junction, or interpret imaging studies to plan a safe surgery for nerve or spinal tissue decompression.

DOI10.1007/s00276-016-1687-9
Alternate JournalSurg Radiol Anat
PubMed ID27192980

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