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Diagnosis and management of Endocrine hypertension in children and adolescents.

TitleDiagnosis and management of Endocrine hypertension in children and adolescents.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2020
AuthorsKotanidou, E. P., Giza S., Tsinopoulou V-R., Vogiatzi M., & Galli-Tsinopoulou A.
JournalCurr Pharm Des
Date Published2020 Nov 12
ISSN1873-4286
Abstract

Hypertension in childhood and adolescence has increased in prevalence. Interest in the disease was raised after the 2017 clinical practice guidelines of the American Academy of Paediatrics on the definition and classification of paediatric hypertension. Among secondary causes of paediatric hypertension, endocrine causes are relatively rare but important due to their unique treatment options. Catecholamine excess, glucocorticoids excess, mineralocorticoids excess, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hyperaldosteronism, hyperthyroidism and other rare syndromes with specific genetic defects are endocrine disorders leading to paediatric and adolescent hypertension. Adipose tissue is currently considered the major endocrine gland. Obesity-related hypertension constitutes a distinct clinical entity leading to an endocrine disorder. The dramatic increase in the rates of obesity during childhood has resulted in a rise of obesity-related hypertension among children, leading to increased cardiovascular risk and associated increased morbidity and mortality. This review presents an overview of pathophysiology and diagnosis of hypertension resulting from hormonal excess, as well as obesity-related hypertension during childhood and adolescence, with a special focus on management.

DOI10.2174/1381612826666201113103614
Alternate JournalCurr Pharm Des
PubMed ID33185153

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