Energy deficiency, menstrual disorders, and low bone mineral density in female athletes: a systematic review.
Τίτλος | Energy deficiency, menstrual disorders, and low bone mineral density in female athletes: a systematic review. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2021 |
Authors | Skarakis, N. S., Mastorakos G., Georgopoulos N., & Goulis D. G. |
Journal | Hormones (Athens) |
Volume | 20 |
Issue | 3 |
Pagination | 439-448 |
Date Published | 2021 Sep |
ISSN | 2520-8721 |
Λέξεις κλειδιά | Athletes, Bone Density, Bone Diseases, Metabolic, Female, Female Athlete Triad Syndrome, Humans, Menstruation Disturbances |
Abstract | PURPOSE: Low energy availability (LEA) may lead to menstrual disorders and low bone mineral density, predisposing to the female athlete triad. The primary aim of the present review was to systematically investigate the impact of chronic strenuous exercise on the energy status of professional female athletes compared to sedentary, recreationally active controls as concerns their menstrual status and bone mineral density (BMD). A secondary aim was evaluation of the combined prevalence of the components of the female athlete triad in athletes as compared to non-athletes. |
DOI | 10.1007/s42000-021-00288-0 |
Alternate Journal | Hormones (Athens) |
PubMed ID | 33884586 |